The Crescent and The Cross Viewing Guide

1. How long were the Crusades between Christians and Muslims fought?

200 years

2. What is the main reason that the Europeans of the 11th Century take up the cross and go on the Crusades? 
   
   
   Spirituality or Religion

3. For people of the Middle Ages what is one thing they believe threatens them in all aspects of their life?

Sin

4. 
   
   In 1088, who became the new Pope in Rome?

Urban II

5. In 1095, who sent a desperate call for help to the Pope in Rome?

Urban II

6. Besides religion, what is one other aspect of the east that draws people to join the Crusade?

Promise of great riches

7. By decree of the Pope what would someone gain if he or she took part in the Crusades?

Ticket directly to Heaven

8. What commandment does this decree now allow European knights to ignore?

6th Commandment

9. What happened to the residences of the town called Ma'arrat al-Numan?

This is where the most violent acts of the first Crusade made their legacy and commit the most evil atrocities of the Crusades.

10. How high were the walls of Jerusalem during this period in history?

30 feet

11. What happened to most of the residents of Jerusalem after the city was taken by the Christians?

Most people were forced to learn Christian religion and if they didn't they would be forced to death.

12. In what battle did Saladin defeat the Crusader army?

Battle of Puritan

13. How were the few Christian defenders of Jerusalem able to get Saladin to agree to spare the lives of the Christians in the city?

Christians defenders realized defeat was imminent they petitioned Saladin to spare the inhabitants of the city. Christians promised to destroy every Islamic Holy in Jersualem and the Muslims threatened to enslave most of the Christians. Saladin eventually acceded to a demand for clemency to the local population.

14. What was the importance of the Crusader fleet during the Third Crusade?

Saladin was the first to untie the Muslims against the Crusaders and would be known for his victory at Jerusalem. Saladin would be forced to surrender in Siege of Arce, leading to the end of his conquests and the beginning of the re-conquests of the Christians in the future Crusades except for Jerusalem.

15. Why did Richard the Lion-Hearted turn his troops around when he had been so close to the Holy city of Jerusalem?

He knew he wouldn't be able to defeat Saladin.

16. What were the terms of the peace treaty between Richard the Lion-Hearted and Saladin at the end of the Third Crusade?

Under the terms of the agreement, Jerusalem would remain under Islamic control. However, the city would be open to Christian pilgrimages.

17. Over 200 years of fighting, how many successful Crusades were there?
    1